As of November 2024, Pakistan faces a significant burden of both communicable and non-communicable diseases, impacting public health and the healthcare system. Below is an overview of key diseases, their prevalence, and associated statistics:
1. Communicable Diseases:
- Poliomyelitis (Polio):
- In 2024, Pakistan reported 50 polio cases, with the latest detected in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province.
- Dengue Fever:
- The country experienced a surge in dengue cases, with over 48,906 reported and 183 deaths from January to November 2021.
- Measles:
- In 2022, there were 8,378 reported cases of measles, highlighting the need for improved vaccination coverage.
- HIV/AIDS:
- Estimates indicate approximately 190,000 people living with HIV in Pakistan as of 2021, with rising infection rates among key populations.
2. Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs):
- Cardiovascular Diseases:
- Heart diseases are a leading cause of mortality, accounting for a significant proportion of deaths annually. WHO Apps
- Diabetes:
- The prevalence of diabetes is increasing, with lifestyle factors contributing to higher incidence rates. WHO Apps
- Cancer:
- Breast cancer is notably prevalent, with approximately 90,000 new cases diagnosed annually, resulting in around 40,000 deaths.
3. Respiratory Diseases:
- Smog-Related Illnesses:
- Severe smog in Punjab province has led to nearly 70,000 daily cases of respiratory issues, prompting authorities to implement measures like mobile clinics and increased hospital beds.
4. Emerging Infectious Diseases:
- Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF):
- In 2024, Pakistan reported 84 cases and five deaths due to CCHF, a disease with a fatality rate of up to 40%. The Sun
5. Malnutrition:
- Child Malnutrition:
- High rates of stunting and wasting among children under five persist, with malnutrition contributing to increased susceptibility to diseases.
6. Maternal and Child Health:
- Maternal Mortality:
- The maternal mortality ratio remains elevated, with significant disparities between urban and rural areas. UNICEF Data
- Infant Mortality:
- The under-five mortality rate is a critical concern, necessitating enhanced healthcare interventions. UNICEF Data
7. Hepatitis:
- Hepatitis B and C:
- Pakistan ranks among the top ten countries affected by hepatitis B and C, with an estimated 10-15% of the population infected. Wikipedia
8. Tuberculosis (TB):
- TB Burden:
- Pakistan holds the fifth-highest tuberculosis burden globally, with significant challenges in disease control and treatment adherence.
9. Mental Health:
- Mental Health Disorders:
- Mental health issues are rising, exacerbated by socio-economic factors, with limited access to mental health services. Wikipedia
10. Environmental Health:
- Air Pollution:
- Major cities like Lahore and Multan have experienced unprecedented pollution levels, leading to increased respiratory illnesses.
Addressing these health challenges requires comprehensive strategies, including strengthening healthcare infrastructure, enhancing disease surveillance, promoting vaccination programs, and implementing public health interventions tailored to Pakistan’s unique socio-economic context.
